Children with hypertension should be screened for cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Also evaluate for target organ damage with a retinal examination and echocardiography. Treatment is usually lifestyle changes, including weight management, a healthy, low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, and avoidance of tobacco and alcohol. Children with symptomatic hypertension, secondary hypertension, target organ damage, diabetes, or persistent hypertension despite nonpharmacologic measures should be treated with antihypertensive medications.
Am Fam Physician. 2012 Apr 1;85(7):693-700 (retrieved May, 2012).
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