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In people without symptomatic vascular disease, the risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and smoking are all independently associated with brain imaging changes before the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Comment: The authors conclude that the identification of brain changes associated with vascular risk factors, before the patient becomes symptomatic, presents a window of opportunity to treat modifiable vascular risk factors, which may prevent the development of irreversible brain changes. This conclusion is well known and not controversial at all since we know reducing those risk factors reduces the risk of adverse cardiac outcomes. The likelihood of decreasing the risk of cerebrovascular disease by reducing the cardiovascular risk factors makes sense. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014 Oct;7(10):1039-1053.    (retrieved Nov, 2014). There are currently 1090 pearls in the database. While every attempt has been made to ensure accuracy, mistakes can and do occur. Use databank at your own risk. All pearls © 2024 by the Internet Medical Association. Click Here to view more medical pearls.